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# FreeBSD 9.0-RELEASE Release Notes

> Important: If you are upgrading from a previous release of FreeBSD, please read upgrading section in the Release Notes for notable incompatibilities carefully.

## Release Highlights

The highlights in the 9.0-RELEASE are the following. For more details, please see the Detailed Release Notes.

- The FreeBSD kernel now supports Capsicum Capability Mode. Capsicum is a set of features for sandboxing support, using a capability model in which the capabilities are file descriptors. Two new kernel options `CAPABILITIES` and `CAPABILITY_MODE` have been added to the `GENERIC` kernel. For more information about Capsicum, see http://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/research/security/capsicum/.[r219129]

- The hhook(9) (Helper Hook) and khelp(9) (Kernel Helpers) KPIs have been implemented. These are a kind of superset of pfil(9) framework for more general use in the kernel. The hhook(9) KPI provides a way for kernel subsystems to export hook points that khelp(9) modules can hook to provide enhanced or new functionality to the kernel. The khelp(9) KPI provides a framework for managing khelp(9) modules, which indirectly use the hhook(9) KPI to register their hook functions with hook points of interest within the kernel. These allow a structured way to dynamically extend the kernel at runtime in an ABI preserving manner.[r216758, r216615]

- A new resource accounting API has been implemented. It can keep per-process, per-jail, and per-loginclass resource accounting information. Note that this is not built nor installed by default. To build and install them, specify `options RACCT` in the kernel configuration file and rebuild the base system as described in the FreeBSD Handbook.[r220137]

- A new resource-limiting API has been implemented. It works in conjunction with the `RACCT` resource accounting implementation and takes user-configurable actions based on the set of rules it maintains and the current resource usage. The rctl(8) utility has been added to manage the rules in userland. Note that this is not built nor installed by default. To build and install them, specify `options RCTL` in the kernel configuration file and rebuild the base system as described in the FreeBSD Handbook.[r220163]

- [powerpc] FreeBSD/powerpc now supports Sony Playstation 3 using the OtherOS feature available on firmwares 3.15 and earlier.[r217044]

- [amd64, i386] The FreeBSD usb(4) subsystem now supports USB 3.0 by default.[r223098]

- The FreeBSD usb(4) subsystem now supports USB packet filter. This allows to capture packets which go through each USB host controller. The implementation is almost based on bpf(4) code. The userland program usbdump(8) has been added.[r215649]

- A bxe(4) driver for Broadcom NetXtreme II 10GbE controllers (BCM57710, BCM57711, BCM57711E) has been added.[r219647]

- A cxgbe(4) driver for Chelsio T4 (Terminator 4) based 10Gb/1Gb adapters has been added.[r218794]

- The em(4) driver has been updated to version 7.3.2.[r219753]

- The igb(4) driver has been updated to version 2.2.5.[r223350]

- The igb(4) driver now supports Intel I350 PCIe Gigabit Ethernet controllers.[r218530]

- The ixgbe(4) driver has been updated to version 2.3.8.[r217593]

- The re(4) driver now supports RTL8168E/8111E-VL PCIe Gigabit Ethernet controllers and RTL8401E PCIe Fast Ethernet controllers.[r217498, r218760]

- A vte(4) driver for RDC R6040 Fast Ethernet controllers, which are commonly found on the Vortex86 System On a Chip, has been added.[r216829]

- A vxge(4) driver for the Neterion X3100 10GbE Server/Storage adapter has been added.[r221167]

- ipfw(8) now supports IPv6 in the `fwd` action.[r225044]

- ipfw(8) now supports the `call` and `return` actions. Upon the `call `number`` action, the current rule number is saved in the internal stack and ruleset processing continues with the first rule numbered `number` or higher. The `return` action takes the rule number saved to internal stack by the latest `call` action and returns ruleset processing to the first rule with number greater than that saved number.[r223666]

- For Infiniband support, OFED (OpenFabrics Enterprise Distribution) version 1.5.3 has been imported into the base system. Note that this is not built nor installed by default. To build and install them, specify `WITH_OFED=yes` in `/etc/src.conf` and rebuild the base system as described in the FreeBSD Handbook.[r219820]

- The FreeBSD TCP/IP network stack now supports IPv4 prefixes with /31 as described in RFC 3021, “Using 31-Bit Prefixes on IPv4 Point-to-Point Links”.[r226572]

- The FreeBSD TCP/IP network stack now supports the mod_cc(9) pluggable congestion control framework. This allows TCP congestion control algorithms to be implemented as dynamically loadable kernel modules. The following kernel modules are available as of 9.0-RELEASE: cc_chd(4) for the CAIA-Hamilton-Delay algorithm, cc_cubic(4) for the CUBIC algorithm, cc_hd(4) for the Hamilton-Delay algorithm, cc_htcp(4) for the H-TCP algorithm, cc_newreno(4) for the NewReno algorithm, and cc_vegas(4) for the Vegas algorithm. The default algorithm can be set by a new sysctl(8) variable `net.inet.tcp.cc.algorithm`. The value must be set to one of the names listed by `net.inet.tcp.cc.available`, and `newreno` is the default set at boot time. For more detail, see the mod_cc(4) and mod_cc(9) manual pages.[r216109, r216114, r216115, r218152, r218153, r218155]

- An h_ertt(4) (Enhanced Round Trip Time) khelp(9) module has been added. This module allows per-connection, low noise estimates of the instantaneous RTT in the TCP/IP network stack with a robust implementation even in the face of delayed acknowledgments and/or TSO (TCP Segmentation Offload) being in use for a connection.[r217806]

- A new tcp(4) socket option `TCP_CONGESTION` has been added. This allows to select or query the congestion control algorithm that the TCP/IP network stack will use for connections on the socket.[r218912]

- The ng_netflow(4) netgraph(4) node now supports NetFlow version 9. A new `export9` hook has been added for NetFlow v9 data. Note that data export can be done simultaneously in both version 5 and version 9.[r219183]

- The geom_map(4) GEOM class has been added. This allows to generate multiple geom providers based on a hard-coded layout of a device with no explicit partition table such as embedded flash storage. For more information, see the geom_map(4) manual page.[r220559]

- The graid(8) GEOM class has been added. This is a replacement of the ataraid(4) driver supporting various BIOS-based software RAID.[r219974]

- A tws(4) driver for 3ware 9750 SATA+SAS 6Gb/s RAID controllers has been added.[r226115]

- The FreeBSD Fast File System now supports softupdates journaling. It introduces a intent log into a softupdates-enabled file system which eliminates the need for background fsck(8) even on unclean shutdown. This can be enabled in a per-filesystem basis by using the `-j` flag of the newfs(8) utility or the `-j enable` option of the tunefs(8) utility. Note that the 9.0-RELEASE installer automatically enables softupdates journaling for newly-created UFS file systems.[r207141, r218726]

- The FreeBSD Fast File System now supports the `TRIM` command when freeing data blocks. A new flag `-t` in the newfs(8) and tunefs(8) utilities sets the TRIM-enable flag for a file system. The TRIM-enable flag makes the file system send a delete request to the underlying device for each freed block. The `TRIM` command is specified as a Data Set Management Command in the ATA8-ACS2 standard to carry the information related to deleted data blocks to a device, especially for a SSD (Solid-State Drive) for optimization.[r216796]

- The FreeBSD NFS subsystem has been updated. The new implementation supports NFS version 4 in addition to 2 and 3. The kernel options for the NFS server and client are changed from `NFSSERVER` and `NFSCLIENT` to `NFSD` and `NFSCL`. sysctl(8) variables which start with `vfs.nfssrv.` have been renamed to `vfs.nfsd.`. The NFS server now supports `vfs.nfsd.server_max_nfsvers` and `vfs.nfsd.server_min_nfsvers` sysctl(8) variables to specify the maximum and the minimum NFS version number which the server accepts. The default value is set to `3` and `2`, respectively.[r221124]

- The FreeBSD ZFS subsystem has been updated to the SPA (Storage Pool Allocator, also known as zpool) version 28. It now supports data deduplication, triple parity RAIDZ (raidz3), snapshot holds, log device removal, zfs diff, zpool split, zpool import `-F`, and read-only zpool import.[r219089]

- An implementation of `iconv()` API libraries and utilities which are standardized in Single UNIX Specification has been imported. These are based on NetBSD's Citrus implementation. Note that these are not built nor installed by default. To build and install them, specify `WITH_ICONV=yes` in `/etc/src.conf` and rebuild the base system as described in the FreeBSD Handbook.[r219019]

- A readline(3) API set has been imported into libedit. This is based on NetBSD's implementation and BSD licensed utilities now use it instead of GNU libreadline.[r220370]

- The rtsold(8) and rtadvd(8) daemons now support the RDNSS and DNSSL options described in RFC 6106, “IPv6 Router Advertisement Options for DNS Configuration”. A rtadvctl(8) utility to control the rtadvd(8) daemon has been added.[r222732, r224006]

- The rtld(1) runtime linker now supports shared objects as filters in ELF shared libraries. Both standard and auxiliary filtering have been supported. The rtld(1) linker's processing of a filter defers loading a filtee until a filter symbol is referenced unless the `LD_LOADFLTR` environment variable is defined or a `-z loadfltr` option was specified when the filter was created.[r216695]

- A bug in the tftpd(8) daemon has been fixed. It had an interoperability issue when transferring a large file.[r224536]

- The utmp(5) user accounting database has been replaced by utmpx(3). User accounting utilities will now use `utmpx` database files exclusively. The wtmpcvt(1) utility can be used to convert `wtmp` files to the new format, making it possible to read them using the updated utilities.[r202188]

- The zpool(8): utility now supports a `zpool labelclear` command. This allows to wipe the label data from a drive that is not active in a pool.[r224171]

A list of all platforms currently under development can be found on the Supported Platforms page.